镀镍碳纳米管对Mo_2FeB_2基金属陶瓷组织与性能的影响

采用化学镀法对碳纳米管进行表面镀镍处理,再利用真空液相烧结法制备出以镀镍碳纳米管为增强体的Mo_2FeB_2基金属陶瓷复合材料,借助SEM、EDS、硬度计等研究了添加镀镍碳纳米管对Mo_2FeB_2基金属陶瓷微观组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明,添加适量镀镍碳纳米管可细化Mo_2FeB_2基金属陶瓷组织并控制其孔洞尺寸及数量,显著提高其硬度及断裂韧性。当镀镍碳纳米管添加量为0.5%时,所得试样的晶粒最为细小,晶粒尺寸大约为1.2μm,材料的力学性能最佳,其硬度和断裂韧性分别达到1228.4HV0.3及15.90MPa·m12,相应增韧机制为裂纹偏转、桥接增韧、撕裂棱增韧和微孔洞增韧。     

Effects of SiO2 on the preparation and metallurgical properties of acid oxidized pellets

The effects of SiO₂ content on the preparation process and metallurgical properties of acid oxidized pellets, including compressive strength, reduction, and softening–melting behaviors, were systematically investigated.Mineralogical structures, elemental distribution, and pore size distribution were varied to analyze the mechanism of the effects.The results show that with an increase in SiO₂ content from 3.51 wt%to 7.18 wt%, compressive strength decreases from 3150 N/pellet to 2100 N/pellet and reducibility decreases from 76.5% to 71.4%.The microstructure showed that pellets with high SiO₂ content contained more magnetite in the mineralogical structures.Additionally, some liquid phases appeared, which hindered the continuous crystallization of hematite.Also, the softening–melting properties of the pellets clearly deteriorated as the SiO₂ content increased.With increasing SiO₂ content, the temperature range of the softening–melting zone decreased, and the maximum differential pressure and the comprehensive permeability index increased significantly.When acid oxidized pellets are used as the raw materials for blast furnace smelting, it should be combined with high basicity sinters to improve the softening–melting behaviors of the comprehensive charge.     

基于拉伸型限位键的牺牲装置与性能试验

减、隔震支座中的剪切牺牲销钉,其脆性破坏模式易导致群钉共同承载时发生先后断裂,而产生难以协同的问题,销钉截面削弱部位也因应力集中而易导致正常使用状态下的疲劳问题.提出一种基于拉伸型限位键的水平限位牺牲装置,通过力转向块将水平限位力转变为作用在拉伸型限位键上的拉力,拉伸型限位键通过采用具有一定长度的截面削弱段使其具有有限的延性能力以防止脆性断裂,并通过大弧度光滑过渡减小应力集中,提高其抗疲劳性能.开展不同类型限位键和基于拉伸型限位键的限位牺牲装置静载性能试验,结果表明,拉伸型限位键具有更高的极限变形能力,延性变形能力可通过改变截面削弱段长度进行调节;限位装置整体承载性能与理论预期值符合较好,重复试验下的承载力离散性小,满足群钉协同承载要求.开展了拉伸型限位键和剪切型限位键的疲劳性能对比试验,结果表明新型拉伸限位键比剪切型限位键具有更优的抗疲劳性能.     

基于等效均匀温度的车内热环境分析

通过计算流体力学(CFD)与人体热调节模型的耦合仿真,得到人体整体和各节段的等效均匀温度(EHT).对比空调送风速度、送风温度与太阳辐射强度对整体EHT、平均皮肤温度及各换热损失量的影响,得到各因素变化时所处的EHT舒适区,采用试验设计法和方差分析法,得到3个影响因素对整体EHT、各节段EHT、平均皮肤温度及干热损失量的贡献率,发现送风条件影响大于太阳辐射,其中送风温度的影响最显著.在此基础上,得到EHT的拟合方程,并提出基于拟合方程改进空调控制的新思路.     

Adjustable thermal expansion in La(Fe,Si)_(13)-based conductive composites by high-pressure synthesis

Providing a suitable contact interface, where a high conductivity material with a desirable coefficient of thermal expansion(CTE) adjoins the target micro-electric devices, is very crucial to optimize the properties and service life of the relevant instruments. Regrettably, a high conductivity, low thermal expansion and relatively inexpensive material is very rare. Composites, fortunately, can offer a method to design materials with adjustable properties by mixing two or more diverse constituents. In this paper, high conductivity composites with adjustable thermal expansion were successfully prepared by a high-pressure synthesis. The composites are based on combining La(Fe,Si)_(13)-based compounds, the materials showing a giant, isotropic negative thermal expansion(NTE) properties, within Cu matrix. The La(Fe,Si)_(13)-based compounds were used to adjust the CTE of the composites, while the Cu phase is in charge of tuning the thermal conductivity properties. Thus, by changing the relative amount of the two components, the composites with high conductivities and adjustable CTE were achieved. Furthermore, the thermal expansion and magnetic properties of the composites were investigated by a physical property measurement system. The present results highlight the potential applications of the Cu-based high conductivity composites with room-temperature NTE properties in the thermal contacts to various semiconductor and microelectronic devices.     

通过热力学与电学的类比加深对于熵的理解

恰当地开展分支学科之间的类比是理解物理学的一条有效途径。在借鉴电荷概念引入热荷概念之后,继而直接将熵定义为热荷量,使之成为一个通俗易懂的物理量。以此为基础,在电流与熵流的连续性、驱动力,以及它们与能流之间的关系和电流与熵流在流动过程中的熵产生等方面对热力学与电学进行了较为全面的类比。这样不仅能凸显出热力学与电学的一些基本物理过程之间的相似性或共性,以及客观世界的内在和谐性,而且能更加鲜明地反衬出它们之间的差异即各自的个性,从而加深对于熵的理解。     

可降解下腔静脉滤器的生物力学性能及有限元分析

利用有限元分析和径向支撑力测试,分析不同支撑杆数目对新型生物可降解下腔静脉滤器（inferior vena cava filters, IVCF）的生物力学性能的影响。应用三维建模软件建立支撑杆数目为8, 10, 12的IVCF模型;通过室温拉伸左旋聚乳酸得到其应力-应变曲线,使用Abaqus软件模拟分析3种支架在压握和自扩张过程中的生物力学性能;同时将3种IVCF进行径向支撑力测试。结果表明,3种支架的应力峰值不同,但应力分布趋势相同;其径向支撑力随支撑杆数目的增加而减小,自扩张性能则与之相反;10杆IVCF表现出较好的综合力学性能,经压握后不仅有足够的径向支撑力,而且可以实现自我扩张,对血管壁的损伤最小。     

用于燃煤锅炉热效率在线计算的虚拟煤质数据库的建立

燃煤锅炉热效率在线计算模型的实用性及可操作性高度依赖于燃用燃料的成分和类型,为了减少煤质的复杂性及多样性、现场燃煤煤质成分分析误差以及人为离线输入参数的不准确性对锅炉热效率在线计算的影响,拟构建可供在线计算燃煤热效率调用的虚拟煤质数据库。通过对工业锅炉常用煤种成分、来源及种类进行线性回归并运用统计分析以及聚类分析等数学算法,搭建虚拟煤质数据库。为了验证煤质数据库的适用性,借助神经网络算法对燃煤的计算发热量和化验发热量进行了对比分析,结果显示,误差在工业用煤的测量误差范围内。所建的燃煤数据库能有效地实现锅炉变工况运行时的热效率在线测算。     

基于热固振耦合的某附件壳体蠕变-热疲劳寿命预测方法

提出一种基于热固振耦合的某附件壳体蠕变 热疲劳寿命预测方法,主要是基于ANSYS Fluent模块进行流固热耦合,仿真结果得到的附件壳体温度场分布并通过实测数据进行结果验证,再通过温度场数据传递途径结合ANSYS Workbench模块进行附件壳体热固振耦合仿真得到壳体应力应变场,然后基于线性累计损伤理论耦合附件壳体蠕变持久寿命和热疲劳寿命,最终得到其蠕变 热疲劳寿命预测结果。针对附件壳体,一方面对比分析了单纯热疲劳寿命（41 063个循环寿命）与蠕变 热疲劳（39 054个循环寿命）,通过结果得知航空发动机附件系统高热环境下蠕变作用对附件壳体热疲劳寿命是存在显著影响的;另一方面对比分析了基于稳态温度场的蠕变 热疲劳（23 334个循环寿命）与基于瞬态温度场（考虑温变速率）的蠕变 热疲劳（24 545个循环寿命）,结果表明温变速率在一定程度上影响航空发动机附件系统结构的蠕变 热疲劳寿命。     

Banach空间中集值隐函数的类Lipschitz性质及其应用

利用变分分析和广义微分的相关工具,在Banach空间中研究集值隐函数的稳定性,给出集值隐函数在给定点具有类Lipschitz性质的Clarke上导数充分条件.作为应用,讨论参数向量优化问题有效解映射的稳定性,给出有效解映射在给定点具有类Lipschitz性质的Clarke上导数充分条件.所得结果改进了相关文献中的结果.